MLA Format - Works Cited list and In-Text Citations of Sources

In-Text Citations of Sources - MLA

·         When citing a work within the text of a paper, try to mention the material being cited in a “signal phrase” that includes the author’s name. After that phrase, insert in brackets, the page number in the work referred to from which the information is drawn.

 

·         For example: [ In his final study, Smith said that the response “far exceeded our expectations” (253) ]. The reader can then look up Smith in the works cited list for complete information about the publication for which page 253 is being cited.

 

·         In cases where the author is not mentioned in a "signal phrase" the author’s name, followed by the page number, must appear in parentheses. Example: [ When he left that job he felt it was time to move back to the sea (Smith 309). ]

Works Cited List - MLA

·         Sources are referred to in a "Works Cited" list that should begin at the top of a separate page after the last page of essay text. (do not capitalize, underline, etc.).

 

·         All entries in the works cited list should be double-spaced with no extra line spaces between entries.

 

·         The first line of each entry in the works cited listshould be flush to the left margin, and each subsequent line for that entryshould be indented one-half inch (i.e. hanging indent).

 

·         For the title of the work being cited, use underliningor italics, not both. They are equivalent in this case. Whichever convention ischosen must be used throughout the essay for all titles cited.

 

·         The works cited list should be arranged in alphabeticalorder, based on the first word of each entry. For most entries, this will bethe last name of the author.

 

·         As a general rule, the names of authors are inverted(i.e. last name first). In cases where a work has more than one author, invert the first author’s name only, followed by a comma, after which the other authors are listed (names not inverted).

 

·         If more than one work by the same author is cited, the entries should appear as consecutive entries in the list, in alphabetical order by title. For the second, and all subsequent entries for that author, replace the author’s name with a line of three hyphens at the beginning of the entry.

 

·         In cases where an author appears both as a sole author of a work, and as the first of a group of authors for another work, place the solo-entry first.

 

·         If the author of a work is unknown, alphabetize the entry by the title of the work.

 

·         Generally, when citing BOOKS, arrange the information into three units, each followed by a period and one space as follows: (1) author’s name (last name first), (2) title and sub-title, underlined (or italics), (3) place of publication, publisher, and date (in that order).

 

·         Generally, when citing ARTICLES, list the information in the following order: (1) author name (inverted), (2) article title (enclosed in quotations), (3) title of the magazine or journal (underlined or italics), (4) date and page numbers (in that order).

 

·         When listing ranges of page numbers, use the format 354-359 for an article appearing on those pages. The efficient form, 354-59, may also be used.

S. Smith 12

 

Works Cited

 

Bedford, Frank. "The Psychology of Fear: Is it all in our heads?" The New

       York Times, 30 Oct. 1990: B4.

Chrissie, Sylvia. "Are We Afraid of Our Computers?" The Chicago

      Tribune, 31 Oct. 1995: D4, D6.

Fawcett, Shaun. Internet Basics without fear!, Montreal: Final Draft

      Publications, 1999.

Francis, Veronica. The Fear Experience: Do We Really Know What

     We're Getting Into? London: Oxford Press, 1985.

Gorman, John Richard, and Raymond T. Smithson, The Dynamics of Human

     Fear Neuroses In the Age of the Modern Computer. Toronto:

     University of Toronto Press. 1997. 345-53.

Hillson, Gregory. "The Unwelcome Eventual Alternative - Computers That

       Tell Us What To Do." The New Psychologist Dec. 1996: 45-54

Sawyer, David, and Ronald Johnson. The Transference of Fears of

       Technology To Those Around Us - A Case Study. New York: Holt,

       Rinehart & Winston, 1987.

Transom, Zak, and Steven Rutherford. "The Relationship Between

       Occasional Writer's Block and Fear of Technology." Psychology

       Today, Oct. 1991: 82-88.