10/22 - 11/2 Classroom Discussions and Homework

10/22 - 11/2 Classroom Discussions and Homework

M, 10/22 - Review Phoenicia, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia. Start Homer and Reading Quiz.

Homework: Read Homer #2, pp. 20-27. Due, T, 10/23.
Vocabulary List #8 Due, TH, 10/25
Extension
Fundamentally
Gentlemanly
Grammatically
Grateful
Guidance
Gymnasium
Heroic
Hindrance
Humorist
Hubris

T, 10/23 - The Greek gods & Reading Quiz #2.

Homework: Read Homer #3, pp. 28-42, Due, W, 10/24. Second Term Writing Assignment: Write a Greek Myth using dialogue and focusing on details and description. Pick a myth by (A) Friday, 10/26 or (B) Friday, 11/2.

W, 10/24 - Super Heroes & Reading Quiz #3.

Homework: Read Homer #4, pp. 69-82, Due, TH, 10/25. Write a paragraph about your favorite super hero and why he is your favorite. Due, TH, 10/25.

TH, 10/25 - Greek map and Minoan Krete

Homework: Read Homer #5, pp. 93-106. Pick your myth!
**Near East Food Project: Bring some Near East food to share. Due, W, 10/31.

(A) Friday, 10/26 and (B) Friday, 11/2
Share which Greek myth you will be writing about for your project. First draft is due (A) Friday, 11/9, (B) Friday, 11/16. Socratic Discussion: Why are we so obsessed with Super Heroes????

M, 10/29 - Greek Vocabulary & Myceanean and Early Archaic Greece

Homework: Read Homer #6, pp. 153-174.
Vocabulary List #9, Due TH, 11/1.
Hygiene
Hypocrisy
Illustrate
Imitation
Immense
Inability
Incidentally
Indispensable
Influential
Innocence
Inquiry
Institute

T, 10/30 - Homer and Early Greece

Homework: Read Homer #7, pp. 175-187. Write a paragraph on your favorite part of the Iliad which you have read (so far). **DO NOT FORGET--Near East Food Project for W, 10/31.

W, 10/31 - HALLOWEEN - The beginning of Holidays, Near East food and games

NO HOMEWORK

Th, 11/1 - The Colonization of Greeks and Sophocles

Homework: Read Homer #8, pp. 188-195.

Reading Schedule for Homer, Iliad and Odyssey

Reading Schedule for Homer, Iliad and Odyssey

Iliad                                                                       Date Due

#1           1.1 - 643 (pp. 1 - 19)                         M, 10/22

#2           2.1 - 932 (pp. 20 - 27)                      T, 10/23

#3           3.1 - 488 (pp. 28- - 42)                     W, 10/24

#4           6.1 - 559 (pp. 69 - 82)                      TH, 10/25

#5           9.1 - 738 (pp. 92 - 106)                    M. 10/29

#6           16.1 - 906 (pp. 153 - 174)               T, 10/30

#7           18.1 - 661 (pp. 175 - 187)               W, 10/31

#8           19.1 - 453 (pp. 188 - 195)               M, 11/5

#9           22.1 - 575 (pp. 205 - 221)               T, 11/6

#10         24.1 - 860 (pp. 230 - 240)               TH, 11/8

Odyssey

#11         1.1 - 470 (pp. 241 - 254)                  W, 11/14

#12         5.1 - 502 (pp. 269 - 284)                  TH, 11/15

#13         6.1 - 339 (pp. 284 - 293)                  M, 11/19

#14         9.1 - 561 (pp. 298 - 314)                  T, 11/20

#15         10.1 - 597 (pp. 314 - 331)               M, 11/26

#16         11.1 - 341 (pp. 332 - 341)               T, 11/27

#17         11.342 - 675 (pp. 341 - 351)           W, 11/28

#18         12.1 - 471 (pp. 352 - 365)               TH, 11/29

#19         16.1 - 339 (pp. 378 - 388)               M. 12/3

#20         21.1 - 463 (pp. 423 - 436)               T. 12/4

#21         22.1 - 527 (pp. 437 - 453)               W, 12/5

#22         23.1 - 388 (pp. 454 - 465)               TH, 12/6

10/8 - 10/18 Classroom Discussions and Homework

10/8 - 10/18 Classroom Discussions and Homework

M, 10/8 - Book Review DUE and Study for Test

Homework: Study for History Test on Tuesday which includes the Sumer, Egypt, and Israel civilizations. Due, T, 10/9. NO Vocabulary this week!

T, 10/9 - TEST and Phoenicians & Assyrians

Homework: Read, Herodotus, On the Babylonians, pp.133-136

W, 10/10 - Assyrians & Babylonians

Homework: Read Herodotus, On Cyrus and the Persians, pp. 137-147
Work on First Term Writing Assignment, Due, TH, 10/18.

TH, 10/11 - M, 10/15 - FALL BREAK

T, 10/16 - Babylon

Homework: Work on First Term Writing Assignment, Due. TH, 10/18
Vocabulary #7 Due, TH 10/18.
Etiquette
Exaggeration
Examination
Exceedingly
Exceptional
Excitable
Executive
Exercise
Exhaustion
Exhibition
Expense
Experience

W, 10/17 - PLAN Test and Career Day

Homework: Finish First Term Writing Assignment, Due, TH, 10/18.
Vocabulary #7, Due TH, 10/18.

TH, 10/18 - First Term Writing Assignment DUE!!! and Persia and Quiz

Homework: Homer Reading #1, pp. 1-19.

F, 10/19 - (B) Friday - Socratic Discussion - Is war necessary?

Book Review Assignment DUE 10/8/2012

Please answer each of the following questions as a paragraph in a typed paper. Due 10/8/2012.
1. How did this book illustrate how one person can make a difference?
2. What was the author trying to comment on when he/she wrote this book?
3. If you were the author of this book, how would you write it differently?
4. What was your favorite part of the book?
5. Did this book change you or help you see life in a different way?

Study Guide-Sumer, Israel, Egypt

Study Guide for History Test on Sumer, Egypt, and Israel

Know the definitions for the following words:

Dynasty

Pharaoh

Black Land

Red Land

Ziggurat

City-state

Vizier

Polytheism

Monotheism

Mummification

Know the following people:

Ramses II

King David

King Jeroboam

King Rehoboam

Hammurabi

Sargon

Know the following god(s):

Yahweh

Osiris

Isis

Atum (Ra)

now the THREE periods of Ancient Egyptian history and characteristics of each one:

Who defeated Israel in 722 BCE?

Who defeated Judah in 586 BCE?

Name one woman pharaoh and describe her accomplishments.

Name the three major social groups of the Sumer civilization.

Are Ancient Law Codes fair? Why or why not?

How did writing effect civilization?

What was the first written language?

Know where Upper and Lower Egypt are on the Nile River.

Compare each of the three civilizations (Sumer, Egypt, and Israel). Write down similarities and differences.

Describe ONE specific aspect of one of these civilizations and be ready to write about it.

Ancient Israelites

The Ancient Israelites

Monotheism & Law

Israelites Beginnings

Traditions recorded in the Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament

Descendants of Abraham, were eventually brought out of Egypt by Moses

The Kings of Israel

The ancient city of Jerusalem was captured by King David, perhaps the most famous Israelite king

David was an effective military leader

Jerusalem became the capital of the kingdom

King Solomon was known for his wisdom, administrative skills, and extensive building projects

Dissension & Division

After Solomon’s death, tension between the different tribes of Israel led to a split

The 10 northern tribes formed the Kingdom of Israel

The 2 southern tribes formed the Kingdom of Judah

Captivity

Assyrians captured and deported many who lived in the northern kingdom in 722/1 BC

The kingdom of Judah was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC

The “Jews” were allowed to return during the reign of King Cyrus

What’s in a name?

There are several names by which this group is generally known by…

Israelites: descendants of Israel (Jacob)

Hebrews: generally synonymous with Israelites, but in Roman times referred to Jews living in Judaea

Jews: technically a member of the tribe of Judah, or one who lived in the kingdom of Judah

The Israelites believed that they were the chosen people of Yahweh

Monotheism & Law

Judaism was the earliest form of strict monotheism

After returning from the Babylonian exile, Judaism became extremely monotheistic

Jewish monotheism influenced Christianity & Islam

Jewish adherence to the their god’s laws was rigorous

Jews refused to acknowledge other peoples’ gods, which made it difficult for them to integrate with other people

The 10 commandments became the basis for all Jewish—and later, Christian—law

Jewish prophets were also interested in social justice

If God had Texted the 10 Commandments…

no1 b4 me. srsly.

dnt wrshp pix/idols

no omg’s

no wrk on w/end

pos ok—ur m&d r cool

dnt kill ppl

:-X only w/m8

dnt steal

dnt lie re: bf

dnt ogle ur bf’s m8. or ox. or dnkey. myob.

n

Ancient Law Codes

Ancient Law Codes

Why Laws?

Are laws necessary? Why or why not?

What role do laws and legislation play in society?

Questions to consider from the reading:

How are women treated (if at all)?

What do the law codes tell you about social structure?

Do you think the law codes are too harsh? Did they need to be so harsh?

Hammurabi and His Law Code

Hammurabi was the most powerful ruler of Old Babylon

The law code was discovered in 1901

The code (or better, collection) of Hammurabi:

Strict justice

Principle of retaliation— “eye for an eye”

Took seriously the job of public servants

Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian Civilization

Geography & History

Geography

All aspects of life in ancient Egypt revolved around the Nile River

The Nile is the longest river in the world (over 4,000 miles!)

It flows south to north, but winds blow north to south (allowing for easy travel in either direction)

The river splits before emptying into the Mediterranean, giving this area the name of the Nile Delta (from the Greek letter Δ)

Upper & Lower Egypt

Annual flooding gave life to the region

Geography as a Security Blanket

What does the geography of Egypt suggest?

The annual flooding of the Nile, combined with other geographical features, led to a sense of isolation and security

How did the different flooding patterns in Mesopotamia & Egypt help these societies to develop differently?

Egyptian History

Egyptian history is generally divided into 3 periods, or kingdoms:

Old Kingdom (2700–2300 BC)

Middle Kingdom (2000–1650 BC)

New Kingdom (1550–1200 BC)

These periods were characterized by strong leadership, freedom from invasion, great building projects, & rich cultural productivity

Egyptian history really begins with King Menes (c. 3100 BC), who united Upper & Lower Egypt to create the first royal dynasty

Old Kingdom (2700–2300 BC)

Beginnings of Pharaohs

Divine kingship

Kings were appointed by the gods and should be treated with appropriate respect

Rise of bureaucracy (administrative organization with officials and procedures)

Importance of vizier (pic of Jafar)

Large-scale building projects like the pyramids

The Pyramids

Pyramids were built as part of a large complex of buildings dedicated to the dead

Pyramids had rooms stocked with all of the amenities that the dead person would need in the afterlife: chairs, boats (why?),  weapons, games, dishes, food

Bodies were mummified in order to preserve them

Supposedly, the largest pyramid (the Great Pyramid of King Khufu) took 100,000 Egyptians 20 years to build!

There are other explanations…

Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza

The Pyramids at Giza

Middle Kingdom (2000–1650 BC)

The Middle Kingdom is often referred to as the “Golden Age” of Egyptian history

What connotations does the phrase “Golden Age” have?

Increased expansion into Nubia, Palestine, and Syria

Concern of pharaohs for the people

In the Old Kingdom the pharaohs had been god-kings, far removed from the people

In the Middle Kingdom the pharaoh was seen more as the shepherd of the people

Draining of swampland in the Nile Delta & digging a canal to connect the Nile River to the Red Sea

How might these activities benefited the lives of the people?

New Kingdom (1550–1200 BC)

After overthrowing foreign invaders, Egypt became the most powerful state in Southwest Asia

Massive wealth was used to build numerous temples

Many military campaigns into Syria, Palestine, and even as far as the Euphrates River

Famous (& sometimes important) pharaohs:

Hatshepsut

Akhenaten

Tutankhamen

Ramses II

Hatshepsut

Hatshepsut was one of the first female pharaohs

She came to power when her husband died

She seems to have presided over a time of prosperity

Increased trade and ambitious building projects

All official depictions show her as a man

Why?

Akhenaten (dates)

Originally named Amenhotep IV, he changed his name to Akhenaten ( = “it is well with Aten”)

Akhenaten introduced the worship of Aten, the god of the sun-disk

A type of henotheism that proved unpopular

Tutankhamen

Possibly the most famous of all pharaohs

Known mostly because of his exquisite burial chambers

“King Tut” reversed many of Akhenaten’s religious reforms

Ramses II (1279–1213 BC)

Regained control of areas lost because of upheavals regarding Akhenaten’s reforms

Ramses II was a great builder

He built more temples, statues, and obelisks than any other pharaoh

Ramses II may be the pharaoh of the Exodus

External and internal pressures moved Egypt into a steady decline

But pharaohs ruled until 31 BC!

Egyptian Civilization

Society & Culture

Structure of Egyptian Society

Egyptian Society

Highly structured and stratified

Social status was displayed for others to see

Those from the lower classes had to pay a “labor tax” and work on government construction projects

The upper classes were known as the “white kilt class” because of their bleached linen garments that were a mark of their rank

Men and women from all social classes were basically equal under the law

Egyptian women had more freedom than many others in the ancient world

Egyptian Art

Egyptian art influenced many other cultures

Painting, Sculpture, Pottery

Symbols and symbolic art:

Colors were symbolic (red for tanned youth, yellow for women and men who worked indoors, blue or gold for divinity, black for fertility)

Much art was designed to provide comfort in the afterlife

Egyptian Painting

Egyptian Sculpture

Egyptian Architecture

Most domestic dwellings were made out of mud bricks and wood, and do not survive

The Egyptians were extremely skilled builders

Simple but effective tools

Precision sighting instruments

Massive amounts of manpower

Examples of Egyptian Architecture

Egyptian Hieroglyphs

Early hieroglyphs date to c. 3200 BC

Roughly 500 symbols

Hieroglyph = “sacred carving”

Hieroglyphs can represent either a word or a sound

The same hieroglyph can represent two different things depending on the context (i.e., “read” vs “read”)

The Book of the Dead

Egyptian Religion

Polytheistic religion, but no coherent story or system

Gods were worshiped in temples

Cult statues; temples were not open to the public except on feast days

The ba and ka were the soul and life-force respectively

The goal was to reunite these two forces to become one of the “blessed dead”

Judgment of the heart…

Mummification

The Judgment of Ani’s Heart

Some Egyptian Gods

Egyptian Fail

Sumer

•Sumerian Beginnings

•Vocabulary to know

•Mesopotamia

•Irrigation

•City-state

•Ziggurat

•Cuneiform

•The Role of Geography in History

•What resources/materials are needed for civilizations?

–Water

–Shelter/protection

–Cultivatable land for farming or raising animals

•What effects do various geographical features have on civilization?

–Mountains, steppes

–Rivers, lakes

–Open plains

•The Fertile Crescent

•Mesopotamia = Greek for “between the rivers”

–The land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

•Little rain, but the soil was rich from silt deposited by the rivers

•Unpredictable flooding was a blessing and a curse

–Led to the use of irrigation, which increased crop production

–Sumeria, Akkad, Assyria

•Sumeria

•Unknown origins, but by 3000 BCE they had several cities

–Eridu, Ur, Uruk were the main city-states

•Sumerian cities

–Defensive walls

–Sense of identity that was

larger than the family

-Mud-brick construction

-Often centered on a

Ziggurat

•The Ziggurat

•Sumerians built their temples at the top of large stepped-pyramids called ziggurats

•The Ziggurat at Ur is the largest one still in existence

•Sumerian Economy & Society

•Trade & industry became increasingly important

•Sumerians were good at textiles and pottery

–They were known especially for their metal work

•Bronze (copper + tin) is easier to cast than copper alone and is a harder metal

•Sumerian social groups:

–Nobles (royalty, priests)

–Commoners

–Slaves